![]() The associated health disorders range from mild, unspecific symptoms such as listlessness to severe neurological developmental disorders. Globally, around two billion people are insufficiently supplied with this essential trace element ( Andersson et al., 2012). Iodine is an integral component of thyroid hormones, which control various metabolic processes in the human body. Even after three months of cold storage, no adverse effects of I fertilization on general fruit characteristics were observed, however, I content of apples decreased by 20%. Iodine sprays caused leaf necrosis, but without affecting the development and marketing quality of the fruits. However, the application of KNO 3 increased the total soluble solids content of the fruits by up to 1.0 ☋rix compared to the control, and Na 2SeO 4 in the spray solution increased the fruit selenium (Se) content. The addition of KNO 3 and Na 2SeO 4 to I-containing spray solutions did not affect the I content in fruits. To achieve the targeted accumulation level of 50–100 μg I per 100 g fresh mass in washed and unpeeled fruits, foliar fertilization of 1.5 kg I per hectare and meter canopy height was required when KIO 3 was applied. Washing apples and pears with running deionized water reduced their I content by 14%. The remaining I was translocated into the fruit flesh, with a maximum of 3% reaching the core. In freshly harvested apple and pear fruits, 51% and 75% of the biofortified iodine was localized in the fruit peel, respectively. Iodine accumulation in apple and pear fruits was dose-dependent, with a stronger response to potassium iodide (KI) than potassium iodate (KIO 3). In addition, tests were carried out to establish whether the effect of I sprays can be improved by co-application of potassium nitrate (KNO 3) and sodium selenate (Na 2SeO 4). Fruit trees were sprayed at various times during the growing season with solutions containing I in different concentrations and forms. Therefore, in this study two field experiments were conducted under orchard conditions to assess the potential of I biofortification of apples and pears by foliar fertilization. The I content in plant-based foods is particularly low, but can be enhanced by agronomic biofortification. Many people across the world suffer from iodine (I) deficiency and related diseases. 3Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany. ![]() 2SQM International N.V, Antwerpen, Belgium.1Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences, Osnabrück, Germany.Christoph Budke 1*, Werner Dierend 1, Hans-Georg Schön 1, Katja Hora 2, Karl Hermann Mühling 3 and Diemo Daum 1
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